Investment Return Projection Guide
An investment calculator projects future value from a starting balance, rate of return, compounding frequency, and optional contributions. It helps answer, "What will my savings be worth?" and "What must I contribute to reach a goal?"
What is Investment Calculator?
The investment calculator models balances over time, including start- vs end-of-period contributions, and converts nominal returns to real (inflation-adjusted) values for purchasing power.
How to Use the Investment Calculator
- Enter starting balance (P), annual rate
r
, compoundingn
, and yearst
. - Add contributions (PMT) per period; choose start or end of period.
- (Optional) include an inflation rate to see real results.
- Calculate future value (FV), total contributions, and interest/earnings.
- Solve for PMT if you have a target FV.
Formulas & Methods
- Future value (end):
FV = P*(1 + r/n)^(n*t) + PMT*(((1 + r/n)^(n*t) - 1)/(r/n))
- Start-of-period: multiply the PMT term by
(1 + r/n)
- Solve PMT (end):
PMT = (FV - P*(1 + r/n)^(n*t)) * (r/n) / ((1 + r/n)^(n*t) - 1)
- Real return (approx):
1 + r_real = (1 + r_nominal)/(1 + inflation)
, then- 1
Assumptions & limitations
- Rate is an assumption; markets fluctuate.
- Taxes and fees reduce returns; model them to get net rates.
- Inflation adjustments are approximate.
Examples
Example A — Monthly contributions
P = $5,000
, r = 7%
, n = 12
, t = 15
, PMT = $200
(end) → FV ~ $80,600
(approx).
Example B — Solve for PMT
Goal FV = $250,000
in 20 y
, P = $10,000
, r = 6%
, n = 12
.
PMT ~ $463/mo
(end-of-period).
| Setting | Impact | |---|---| | Start-of-period | Higher FV | | Higher n | Slightly higher FV | | Fees | Lower net rate | | Inflation | Reduces real FV |
Pro Tips & Best Practices
- Use conservative rates net of fees to avoid overpromising.
- Automate contributions to stay consistent.
- Revisit annually to adjust for market changes and goals.
- View real (inflation-adjusted) results to gauge purchasing power.
Related Calculators
FAQ
Q: How do I project investment growth?
A: Use contributions and an assumed annual rate with compounding to compute future value.
Q: What contribution timing should I pick?
A: End-of-period is standard; start-of-period earns one extra period and grows faster.
Q: How do I account for fees and inflation?
A: Subtract fees from the rate or model fee cash flows; adjust results with an inflation rate to see real value.
Q: What rate should I use?
A: Pick a conservative, long-term average net of fees that matches your asset mix.
Q: Can I solve for the contribution needed to hit a goal?
A: Yes—solve for PMT given target FV, rate, n, and starting balance.
Compliance note: This article is for information only and not financial advice.
Call to Action
Project your savings and test scenarios—then set an automatic monthly contribution to stay on track.